{"id":3315,"date":"2013-05-13T20:29:06","date_gmt":"2013-05-13T17:29:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/?p=3315"},"modified":"2013-06-19T23:51:13","modified_gmt":"2013-06-19T20:51:13","slug":"linux-isletim-sistemlerinde-lvm-disk-ve-dosya-sistemi-yapilandirmasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/?p=3315","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u0130\u015fletim Sistemlerinde LVM Disk ve Dosya Sistemi Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-797\" alt=\"LinuxAll\" src=\"http:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/LinuxAll.jpg\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/LinuxAll.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/LinuxAll-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Bu makalemizde Linux \u0130\u015fletim sistemlerinde Disk ve Dosya sistemi y\u00f6netimini inceleyece\u011fiz. Bu makalemizde disk y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in &#8220;Logical Volume Manager&#8221; kullanaca\u011f\u0131z. Ayr\u0131ca dosya sistemi ve disk y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli uygulamalar\u0131 inceleyece\u011fiz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Logical Volume Management (LVM) Nedir ?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">LVM, mod\u00fcler disk veri k\u00fcmesi veya k\u00fcmeleri olu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131, b\u00f6ylelikle de istenildi\u011finde mevcut disk alan\u0131 \u00fczerinde\u00a0 istenilen boyutland\u0131rman\u0131n yeniden yapabilmesini sa\u011flar. Disk alan\u0131n\u0131n yetersiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda LVM ile olu\u015fturulan disk veri k\u00fcmesine kolayl\u0131kla yeni disk veya disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri ilave edebilir, ihtiyaca g\u00f6re disk alan\u0131 \u015fekillendirilebilir. \u00d6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck disk alan\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131 olan sistemlerde LVM ile disk veri k\u00fcmeleri olu\u015fturularak ya da sisteme yeni bir disk daha eklenerek toplam disk boyutu artt\u0131r\u0131labilir veya sistemde pasif durumda olan bir disk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc aktif disk k\u00fcmesine dahil edilebilir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda mevcut disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin boyutlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir. Yap\u0131lacak fiziksel veri alan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinden sistemin mevcut haritas\u0131 hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde etkilenmez ve yeni tan\u0131mlar yapmaya gerek kalmaz. Bir \u00f6rnek ile ifade edilirse; sistemde \/home i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 100 GB&#8217;l\u0131k ve \/var i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 2GB&#8217;l\u0131k alanlar olsun. Zamanla \/var i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lan disk alan\u0131n yetersiz gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcls\u00fcn. Bu durumda\u00a0 \/home alan\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmayan yeterli bo\u015f alan varsa bu alan \/var b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne aktar\u0131labilir ve mevcut alan kolayca yeniden boyutland\u0131r\u0131labilir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde \/home i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lan alan yetmemeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman da sisteme eklenecek yeni bir disk ile bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir veri alan\u0131 artt\u0131rabilir. Yedekleme (Mirror) yap\u0131lan sistemlerde kullan\u0131lan disk veri alanlar\u0131 genelde birden fazla diskin LVM veya ayn\u0131 i\u015fi yapan ba\u015fka yap\u0131larla birle\u015ftirilerek veri k\u00fcmesi olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 ile sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">LVM, hacim grubu (vp) ve bu grubun i\u00e7inde fiziksel hacim (pv) ve mant\u0131ksal hacimlerden (lv) olu\u015fur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Volume Group (VG)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Hacim grubu, fiziksel ve mant\u0131ksal hacimleri i\u00e7ine alan \u00fcst d\u00fczey bir katmand\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Physical Volume (PV)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Fiziksel hacim ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere fiziksel ayg\u0131tlardan (disklerden) veya disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden olu\u015fan k\u0131s\u0131md\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Logical Volume (LV)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Dosya sistemi i\u00e7erir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">LVM&#8217;nin Limitleri <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">LVM\u00a0 bir tak\u0131m limitler i\u00e7erir. Ancak bu limitler g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bile kolay a\u015f\u0131labilecek ve problem olu\u015fturabilecek limitler de\u011fildirler. Ayr\u0131ca bu limitler \u00e7ekirde\u011fin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na, fiziksel ve mant\u0131ksal birim boyutlar\u0131na g\u00f6re de sistemden sisteme farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Makine ba\u015f\u0131na olu\u015fturulabilecek maksimum hacim grubu (VG) say\u0131s\u0131 99 &#8216;dur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Her hacim grubu i\u00e7inde olabilecek maksimum fizisel hacim say\u0131s\u0131 256 d\u0131r. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Tek bir LVM boyutu varsay\u0131lan 4 MB fiziksel birim de\u011feri ile maksimum 255.99 GB olabilir. Bu de\u011fer kullan\u0131lan sistemin \u00f6zelli\u011fine g\u00f6re 2 TB hatta istenildi\u011finde 1 Petabyte &#8216;a kadar \u00e7\u0131kabilir. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Her fiziksel hacim grubu yine varsay\u0131lan 4 MB&#8217;l\u0131k fiziksel birim de\u011feri ile maksimum 262 GB olabilir. Yani her fiziksel hacim grubu maksimum 65534 tane fiziksel birim i\u00e7erebilir bu da varsay\u0131lan 4 MB&#8217;l\u0131k de\u011fer ile 65534*4 = 262 GB &#8216;a denk gelir. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Dosya Sistemi Nedir ? (File System)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Disk \u00fczerindeki dosyalar\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesini ve bir i\u015fletim sisteminde dosyalar\u0131n izlerinin bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan yap\u0131ya Dosya Sistemi (File System) denir. Bir disk \u00fczerinde dosya sistemi olu\u015fturmadan \u00f6nce, o disk eski haline d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmeli ve gereken bilgiler diske yaz\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu i\u015fleme dosya olu\u015fturma denir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Superblock : Dosya sisteminin boyutu gibi, b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc hakk\u0131nda bilgiler i\u00e7eren b\u00f6l\u00fcm. Dosya sisteminin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 ve biti\u015f adresleri, inode tablosu, bo\u015f blok tablosu, veri bloklar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 adresleri gibi bilgileri saklar. Superblock ayn\u0131 zamanda dosya sisteminin d\u00fczg\u00fcn olarak kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar, yap\u0131s\u0131 herhangi bir nedenle bozulursa bozuklu\u011fu giderebilecek yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Inode : Dosyan\u0131n ismi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn bilgilerini i\u00e7eren b\u00f6l\u00fcmd\u00fcr. Dosyan\u0131n ismi, dosya d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn numaras\u0131yla birlikte bulunur. Dosya d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc, veri bloklar\u0131n\u0131n da numaralar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Bir dosya d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcnde belli say\u0131da veri blo\u011fu i\u00e7in yer vard\u0131r. Daha fazla alana ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmas\u0131 durumunda dosya d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcnde dinamik olarak yeni bir yer ayr\u0131l\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Veri Blo\u011fu : Dosyalardaki bilgilerin depolanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan k\u0131s\u0131md\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Logical Volume Management (LVM) <\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. <span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">&#8220;LVM&#8221; de kullan\u0131lan komutlar ve g\u00f6revleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir.<\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; gutter: false; first-line: 1\"><span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- LVM'de Kullan\u0131lan Komutlar ve G\u00f6revleri<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- \"pvcreate\" sisteme diski veya b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc fiziksel olarak tan\u0131t\u0131r.\r\nGenellikle  fdisk'ten sonra kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># pvcreate \/dev\/sdb1<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- \"pvdisplay\" fiziksel tan\u0131ml\u0131 diskleri ve b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri ekrana listeler.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># pvdisplay <\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- \"pvremove\" fiziksel tan\u0131ml\u0131 diskin veya b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 iptal eder.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># pvremove \/dev\/sdb1<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- \"vgcreate\" hacim grubu olu\u015fturur.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># vgcreate vg0 \/dev\/sdb1 \/dev\/sdb2<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- \"vgextend\" hacim grubuna disk veya b\u00f6l\u00fcm ekler.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># vgextend vg0 \/dev\/sdc<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- \"vgreduce\" hacim grubundan disk veya b\u00f6l\u00fcm \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131r.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># vgreduce vg0 \/dev\/sdc<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- \"vgremove\" hacim grubununu kald\u0131r\u0131r.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># vgreduce vg0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- \"vgdisplay\" hacim grubunu listeler.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># vgdisplay vg0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- \"vgcfgbackup\" mevcut hacim grubunun ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 bir dosyaya yedekler.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># vgcfgbackup vg0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">(Ayarlar \/etc\/lvm\/backup dizini alt\u0131na yedeklenir.) <\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- vgcfgrestore mevcut hacim grubunun ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 dosyadan d\u00fczenler.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># vgcfgrestore vg0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- \"lvcreate\" tan\u0131ml\u0131 mant\u0131ksal gruptan disk alan\u0131 olu\u015fturur.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">\u00d6rnek : \/dev\/vg0\/lv_name isimli 40Gbl\u0131k mant\u0131ksal s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># lvcreate -n lv_name -L40GB vg0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- \"lvdisplay\" mant\u0131ksal s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcleri ekrana listeler.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># lvdisplay<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- \"lvremove\" mant\u0131ksal s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcleri kald\u0131r\u0131r. <\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># lvremove \/dev\/vg0\/lv_name<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- \"lvreduce\" tan\u0131ml\u0131 mant\u0131ksal s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fclerden blok siler.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># lvreduce -L-10GB \/dev\/vg0\/lv_name<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">(10GBlik alan\u0131 iptal eder.) <\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- \"lvextend\" tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f mant\u0131ksal s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcye blok ekler.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># lvextend -L+10GB \/dev\/vg0\/lv_name<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">(10GBlik alan ekler.) <\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- \"lvmdiskscan\" Sistemdeki t\u00fcm diskleri listeler.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># lvmdiskscan<\/span><\/pre>\n<p>2. <span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">\u00d6rnek olarak LVM kullanarak disk yap\u0131land\u0131rmam\u0131z\u0131 inceleyelim. Sistemimize atanm\u0131\u015f olan bir diski LVM kullanarak \u00f6nce &#8220;Volume Group&#8221;, &#8220;Pyhcisal Volume&#8221; ve &#8220;Logical Volume&#8221; olmak \u00fczere yap\u0131land\u0131ral\u0131m.<\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; gutter: false; first-line: 1\"><span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- Kullanaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z diskimizde \"partition table\" olu\u015fturuyoruz. komut sonras\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">giri\u015fleri yap\u0131yoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- (n, p, 1, enter, enter, w)<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># fdisk \/dev\/sdb<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Command (m for help): n<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">primary partition (1-4) p<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Partition number (1-4): 1<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">First cylinder (1-652, default 1): <\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-652, default 652): <\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Command (m for help): w<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">The partition table has been altered!<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- \u00d6ncelikle disklerimizi listeliyoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># ls \/dev\/sd*<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">\/dev\/sda  \/dev\/sda1  \/dev\/sda2  \/dev\/sdb  \/dev\/sdb1<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Burada g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz \"sda\" disklerimiz \u00f6nceden kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z i\u015fletim sistemi<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">ile gelen disklerimizdir. \"sdb\" ise sistemimize yeni tak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f diskimizdir.<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Bu diski yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131p kullanabilir hale getirece\u011fiz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- \u00d6ncelikle \"Pyhsical Volume\" olu\u015fturuyoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># pvcreate \/dev\/sdb<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Physical volume \"\/dev\/sdb1\" successfully created<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- Diskimizi ba\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir Volume Group olu\u015fturuyoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># vgcreate vg_krykey \/dev\/sdb1<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Volume group \"vg_krykey\" successfully created<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- \"vg_krykey\" volume grup i\u00e7inde bir tane data1 isimli disk olu\u015fturuyoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># lvcreate -n lv_data1 -L1GB vg_krykey<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Logical volume \"lv_data1\" created<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- Olu\u015fturdu\u011fumuz \"Volume Group\" lar\u0131 listelemek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu \r\nkullan\u0131yoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># vgdisplay<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  --- Volume group ---<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  VG Name               vg_krykey<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  System ID             <\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Format                lvm2<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Metadata Areas        1<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Metadata Sequence No  6<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  VG Access             read\/write<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  VG Status             resizable<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  MAX LV                0<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Cur LV                1<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Open LV               0<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Max PV                0<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Cur PV                1<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Act PV                1<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  VG Size               5.00 GiB<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  PE Size               4.00 MiB<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Total PE              1279<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Alloc PE \/ Size       256 \/ 1.00 GiB<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Free  PE \/ Size       1023 \/ 4.00 GiB<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  VG UUID               sE5T92-3CCj-2cZO-BWyc-1noM-VkhK-B4Jhnw<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- \"Volume Group\" alt\u0131ndaki disklerimizi g\u00f6remek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu\r\nkullanabiliriz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># pvscan<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">PV \/dev\/sdb    VG vg_krykey     lvm2 [5.00 GiB \/ 4.00 GiB free]<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- Olu\u015fturdu\u011fumuz diskleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutla listeleyebiliriz.\r\n<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># lvscan<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  ACTIVE            '\/dev\/vg_krykey\/lv_data1' [1.00 GiB] inherit<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- Diskimizi \"ext4\" file system ile formatl\u0131yoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># mkfs.ext4 \/dev\/vg_krykey\/lv_data1<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Filesystem label=<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">OS type: Linux<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Block size=4096 (log=2)<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Fragment size=4096 (log=2)<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">65536 inodes, 262144 blocks<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">13107 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">First data block=0<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Maximum filesystem blocks=268435456<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">8 block groups<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">8192 inodes per group<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Superblock backups stored on blocks: <\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Writing inode tables: done                            <\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Creating journal (8192 blocks): done<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">This filesystem will be automatically checked every 33 mounts or<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- Formatlam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fumuz diskimizi ba\u011flayacak bir dizin yarat\u0131yoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># mkdir \/data1<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- Diskimizi olu\u015fturdu\u011fumuz dizine \"mount\" ediyoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># mount \/dev\/mapper\/vg_krykey-lv_data1 \/data1<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- Sistemimiz a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda otomatik mount etmesi i\u00e7in \"fstab\" dosyas\u0131na<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki girdileri yapmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">\/dev\/mapper\/vg_krykey-lv_data1 \/data1                 ext4    defaults        0 0<\/span><\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. <span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Sistemimizde bulunan &#8220;Logical Volume&#8221;, &#8220;Volume Group&#8221; ve &#8220;Pyhciscal Volume&#8221;leri silmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 izlemeliyiz.<\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; gutter: false; first-line: 1\"><span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- Disklerimizi ve \"Volume Group\" lar\u0131 kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki s\u0131ras\u0131yla a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki\r\nad\u0131mlar\u0131 izlemeliyiz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- \u00d6ncelikle kald\u0131raca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z diskimizi \"umount\" ediyoruz.<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># umount \/data1<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- Logical Volume kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \r\n(Sadece bir disk kald\u0131racaksak bu ad\u0131m\u0131 uygulamal\u0131y\u0131z.)<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># lvremove \/dev\/vg_krykey\/lv_data1<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Do you really want to remove active logical volume lv_data1? [y\/n]: y<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Logical volume \"lv_data1\" successfully removed<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- Volume Group kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in (T\u00fcm volume group ve ba\u011fl\u0131 diskleri kald\u0131racaksak\r\na\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131m\u0131 uygulamal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># vgremove vg_krykey<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- Pyhsical Volume kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in\r\n(Sistemimizdeki diski LVM kullan\u0131m\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kartacaksak bu ad\u0131m\u0131 uygulamal\u0131y\u0131z.)<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># pvremove \/dev\/sdb<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Labels on physical volume \"\/dev\/sdb1\" successfully wiped<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- Kald\u0131rma i\u015flemi tamamland\u0131. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komut ile durumu sorgulayabiliriz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># vgdisplay<\/span><\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4. <span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Sistemimizde bulunan bir diskle veya yeni tak\u0131lan bir diskle mevcut alanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 geni\u015fletmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 izlemeliyiz.<\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; gutter: false; first-line: 1\"><span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- \u00d6ncelikle ekleyece\u011fimiz diskimizi sorguluyoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># ls \/dev\/sd*<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">\/dev\/sda  \/dev\/sda1  \/dev\/sda2  \/dev\/sdb<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- Burada \"sdb\" isimli diskimiz mevcut \"Volume Group\" ekleyece\u011fimiz disktir.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- \"Volume Group\" sorguluyoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># vgdisplay<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  --- Volume group ---<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  VG Name               vg_koraykey<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  System ID             <\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Format                lvm2<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Metadata Areas        1<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Metadata Sequence No  3<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  VG Access             read\/write<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  VG Status             resizable<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  MAX LV                0<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Cur LV                2<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Open LV               2<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Max PV                0<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Cur PV                1<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Act PV                1<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  VG Size               99.51 GiB<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  PE Size               4.00 MiB<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Total PE              25474<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Alloc PE \/ Size       25474 \/ 99.51 GiB<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Free  PE \/ Size       0 \/ 0   <\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  VG UUID               iBHPHX-4MC0-bvWQ-3sOV-0Rb4-lYcS-3Uac3B<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- \"vg_koraykey\" volume grubumuza yeni takd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z diskimizi ekleyece\u011fiz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- \u00d6ncelikle diskimizde \"fdisk\" komutu ile \"partition table\" yarat\u0131yoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- (n, p, 1, enter, enter, w)<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># fdisk \/dev\/sdb<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x1c26daf1.<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">         sectors (command 'u').<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Command (m for help): n<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Command action<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">   e   extended<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">   p   primary partition (1-4)<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">p<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Partition number (1-4): 1<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">First cylinder (1-652, default 1): <\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Using default value 1<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-652, default 652): <\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Using default value 652<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Command (m for help): w<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">The partition table has been altered!<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Syncing disks.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- Disklerimizi yeniden sorguluyoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># ls \/dev\/sd*<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">\/dev\/sda  \/dev\/sda1  \/dev\/sda2  \/dev\/sdb  \/dev\/sdb1<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- \"sdb1\" isimli olu\u015fan diskimizi mevcut \"vg_koraykey\" volume grubumuza\r\nekliyoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># vgextend vg_koraykey \/dev\/sdb1<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">No physical volume label read from \/dev\/sdb1<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Physical volume \"\/dev\/sdb1\" successfully created<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Volume group \"vg_koraykey\" successfully extended<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- \"Volume Group\" sorguluyoruz ve \"Free\" alan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n 0 dan 4.99 GB \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\r\ng\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># vgdisplay<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  --- Volume group ---<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  VG Name               vg_koraykey<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  System ID             <\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Format                lvm2<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Metadata Areas        2<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Metadata Sequence No  4<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  VG Access             read\/write<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  VG Status             resizable<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  MAX LV                0<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Cur LV                2<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Open LV               2<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Max PV                0<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Cur PV                2<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Act PV                2<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  VG Size               104.50 GiB<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  PE Size               4.00 MiB<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Total PE              26752<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Alloc PE \/ Size       25474 \/ 99.51 GiB<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Free  PE \/ Size       1278 \/ 4.99 GiB<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  VG UUID               iBHPHX-4MC0-bvWQ-3sOV-0Rb4-lYcS-3Uac3B<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- \u015eimdi atad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu diskimizdeki 4.99 GB alan\u0131 \"lv_root\" isimli diskimize\r\nekleyelim.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># lvextend -L+4.99GB \/dev\/vg_koraykey\/lv_root<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 4.99 GiB<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Extending logical volume lv_root to 100.50 GiB<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Logical volume lv_root successfully resized<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- \"Volume Group\" sorguluyoruz ve 99.51 GB alan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n 104.50 GB \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># vgdisplay<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  --- Volume group ---<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  VG Name               vg_koraykey<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  System ID             <\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Format                lvm2<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Metadata Areas        2<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Metadata Sequence No  5<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  VG Access             read\/write<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  VG Status             resizable<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  MAX LV                0<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Cur LV                2<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Open LV               2<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Max PV                0<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Cur PV                2<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Act PV                2<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  VG Size               104.50 GiB<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  PE Size               4.00 MiB<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Total PE              26752<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Alloc PE \/ Size       26752 \/ 104.50 GiB<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Free  PE \/ Size       0 \/ 0   <\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  VG UUID               iBHPHX-4MC0-bvWQ-3sOV-0Rb4-lYcS-3Uac3B<\/span><\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">5. <span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Sistemimizde bulunan bir diski k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fcp bo\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kan alan\u0131 ba\u015fka bir diske veya bo\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kan alanla yeni bir &#8220;Logical Volume&#8221; olu\u015fturmak istiyorsak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 izlemeliyiz.<\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; gutter: false; first-line: 1\"><span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- \u00d6ncelikle Volume Group sorguluyoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># vgdisplay<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  --- Volume group ---<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  VG Name               vg_koraykey<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  System ID             <\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Format                lvm2<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Metadata Areas        2<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Metadata Sequence No  5<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  VG Access             read\/write<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  VG Status             resizable<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  MAX LV                0<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Cur LV                2<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Open LV               2<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Max PV                0<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Cur PV                2<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Act PV                2<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  VG Size               104.50 GiB<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  PE Size               4.00 MiB<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Total PE              26752<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Alloc PE \/ Size       26752 \/ 104.50 GiB<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Free  PE \/ Size       0 \/ 0   <\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  VG UUID               iBHPHX-4MC0-bvWQ-3sOV-0Rb4-lYcS-3Uac3B<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- Bir \"Logical Volume\" 4.99 GB alan\u0131 bo\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kartal\u0131m.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># lvreduce -L-4.99GB \/dev\/vg_koraykey\/lv_root<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 4.99 GiB<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  WARNING: Reducing active and open logical volume to 95.51 GiB<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Do you really want to reduce lv_root? [y\/n]: y<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Reducing logical volume lv_root to 95.51 GiB<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Logical volume lv_root successfully resized<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- \u00c7\u0131kartt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z 4.98 GB alan ile yeni bir \"Logical Volume\" olu\u015ftural\u0131m.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># lvcreate -n lv_data -L4.98GB vg_koraykey<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Rounding up size to full physical extent 4.98 GiB<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Logical volume \"lv_data\" created<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- \u00c7\u0131kart\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z 4.98 GB alan\u0131 varolan bir \"Logical Volume\" eklemek i\u00e7in<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># lvextend -L+4.98GB \/dev\/vg_koraykey\/lv_data<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 4.98 GiB<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Extending logical volume lv_data to 100.50 GiB<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Logical volume lv_data successfully resized<\/span><\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">6. <span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">LVM i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ayarlar\u0131 yedeklemek veya geri d\u00f6nmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 izlemeliyiz. Burada verileri de\u011fil sadece LVM ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 yedekle veya geri d\u00f6nmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; gutter: false; first-line: 1\"><span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- Ayarlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 yedeklemek i\u00e7in<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">( \"\/etc\/lvm\/backup\" dizini alt\u0131na yedeklenir.)<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># vgcfgbackup vg_koraykey<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Volume group \"vg_koraykey\" successfully backed up.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- Ayarlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 yedekten d\u00f6nmek i\u00e7in<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># vgcfgrestore vg_koraykey<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">  Restored volume group vg_koraykey<\/span><\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">7. <span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">LVM ile diskimizi de\u011filde &#8220;swap&#8221; alan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 geni\u015fletmek istiyorsak <a title=\"Linux \u0130\u015fletim Sistemlerinde Swap Alan\u0131 Y\u00f6netimi\" href=\"http:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/?p=2246\">&#8220;Linux \u0130\u015fletim Sistemlerinde Swap Alan\u0131 Y\u00f6netimi&#8221;<\/a> yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n &#8220;C&#8221; ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan faydalanabilirsiniz.\u00a0 Ayr\u0131ca LVM arac\u0131na grafik aray\u00fczden eri\u015fmek i\u00e7in &#8220;System&gt;Administration&gt;Logical Volume Management&#8221; yolunu izleyebiliriz.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Dosya Sistemi (File System)<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. <span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Dosya sisteminde genel olarak en \u00e7ok kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z &#8220;ext4&#8221; dosya sistemini inceleyece\u011fiz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Ext4 ile Gelen Yenilikler<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Ext4 dosya sisteminin; sabitdisk, dosya boyutu, dosya ve klas\u00f6r say\u0131s\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck olan sistemleri desteklemesi en b\u00fcy\u00fck avantaj\u0131d\u0131r. Geli\u015fen teknoloji ile veri boyutlar\u0131 h\u0131zla artmakta, sosyal a\u011flar, veri tabanlar\u0131 ve bir\u00e7ok alt yap\u0131 terabayt b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde verilerle u\u011fra\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ext4 dosya sistemi bu y\u00f6nden gelece\u011fin dosya sistemi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Uyumluluk (Compatibility)<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">T\u00fcm ext3 dosya sistemleri ext4 dosya sistemine birka\u00e7 komut sat\u0131r\u0131 ile ge\u00e7irilebilmektedir. Tekrar bi\u00e7imlendirme yapmaya veya i\u015fletim sistemini yedeklemeye gerek yoktur. Fakat b\u00f6l\u00fcm e\u015fleme i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131 haricinde ext4 dosya sistemi ext3 dosya sistemine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclemez.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">B\u00fcy\u00fck Dosya\/Sistemleri (Bigger File System\/File Sizes)<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Ext3 kullan\u0131c\u0131ya, dosya sistemleri i\u00e7in en fazla 16 terabayt, dosya boyutunda ise en fazla 2 terabaytl\u0131k bir izin verir. Ext4 dosya sistemi ile 24 bitlik blok adres kay\u0131tlar\u0131 48 bite \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ext4, ext3&#8217;e g\u00f6re daha geni\u015f dosya tutma kapasitesine sahiptir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">\u00d6l\u00e7eklendirilebilir Alt Klas\u00f6r Deste\u011fi (Subdirectory Scalability)<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Ext3 dosya sisteminde tek bir klas\u00f6r 32000 adet alt klas\u00f6re sahip olabilir iken, ext4 ile bu limit 64000&#8217;e \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca komut yard\u0131m\u0131yla bu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na imkan sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece b\u00fcy\u00fck boyutlu yap\u0131larda dosyalama i\u00e7in klas\u00f6r say\u0131s\u0131 engeli esnetilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Yazma Belle\u011fi Kayd\u0131 (Extents)<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Ext3 gibi g\u00f6rece eski Unix t\u00fcrevli dosya sistemlerinde verinin yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bellek alanlar\u0131 d\u00fczensiz ve karma\u015f\u0131k bir yap\u0131dad\u0131r, dosyalar s\u0131ralanmadan bir \u015fekilde tekli bellek g\u00f6zlerine yaz\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum b\u00fcy\u00fck boyutlu dosyalar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131\u015fs\u0131zl\u0131k te\u015fkil etmektedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fcyen dosya boyutu, dosyan\u0131n yaz\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in gereken bellek g\u00f6zlerinin de \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131na sebep olacakt\u0131r. Ext4 ile kullan\u0131lan yeni bellek kay\u0131t (data mapping) sisteminde veri s\u0131ral\u0131 bellek bloklar\u0131nda tutulur. \u00d6rne\u011fin 300 MB&#8217;l\u0131k yeni bir verinin kayd\u0131 i\u00e7in 300MB&#8217;l\u0131k verinin s\u0131\u011faca\u011f\u0131 tek bir g\u00f6z ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Bu i\u015flem; okuma, yazma ve aramada performans art\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">\u00c7ok Say\u0131da Bellek Ay\u0131rma (Multi Block Allocation)<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">&#8220;Mballoc&#8221; mekanizmas\u0131 \u00e7ok say\u0131da bellek alan\u0131n\u0131n (disk bloklar\u0131n\u0131) tek bir i\u015flemde yazma i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ext3 dosya sisteminde yazma i\u015flemi, bo\u015f bellek bloklar\u0131n\u0131n teker teker bulunup yaz\u0131lacak dosya i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015flemi, i\u015flemci (CPU) \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok fazla i\u015f demektir. &#8220;mballoc&#8221; mekanizmas\u0131 ile dosya bellek ay\u0131rma ve dosya yazma i\u015flemlerinde i\u015flemcinin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6nlenir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Ertelemeli Bellek Ay\u0131rma (Delayed Allocation)<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Bu tip bellek ay\u0131rma i\u015fleminde b\u00fcy\u00fck boyutta olan veriler ge\u00e7ici bir tampon belle\u011fe al\u0131narak verilerin dosya sistemine kayd\u0131 i\u00e7in bellek ay\u0131rma i\u015flemi k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre ertelenir. Do\u011fru alan bulundu\u011funda bellek ayr\u0131larak, tampon bellekte tutulan bu veriler sisteme yaz\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7ekirdek bu ge\u00e7ici (d\u00fczensiz) dosyalar\u0131 daha sonra silecektir. Y\u00fcksek boyuttaki verileri k\u00fcmelerinin anl\u0131k olarak tampon belle\u011fe\u00a0 al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u015flemci y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc azalt\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece bellekleme daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ve kesintisiz olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Nanosaniyede Bir Dosya Bilgisi Kayd\u0131 (Nanosecond Inode Timestamps)<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Klas\u00f6rlerin tipi, o klas\u00f6re ait kullan\u0131c\u0131 ve grup haklar\u0131, klas\u00f6re ait ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n (hard link) bilgisi, klas\u00f6re ait son eri\u015fim zamani ve son de\u011fi\u015fiklik zaman\u0131, diskte tuttu\u011fu alan gibi bilgileri kaydeden dosya i\u015faret\u00e7isi (inode) saniyenin milyarda biri hassasl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kay\u0131t tutar hale getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">G\u00fcnl\u00fck Dosya De\u011fi\u015fiklik Kayd\u0131 (Journal Checksumming)<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Daha \u00f6nceden kaydedilen g\u00fcnl\u00fck (journal) dosyalar\u0131 kontrol edilerek dosya sisteminin g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f veya hatal\u0131 i\u015flem sonucu bozulan dosyalar\u0131n tespiti yap\u0131l\u0131r. De\u011fi\u015ftirilen dosyalar ve ba\u011flant\u0131lar tekrar kayda al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">H\u0131zl\u0131 Dosya Kontrol\u00fc (Fast Fsck)<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Dosya sisteminde bulunan dosya i\u015faret\u00e7ileri (inodes) fazlala\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lma i\u015flemini ve dosya sisteminin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yava\u015flat\u0131r. Ext3 dosya sisteminin aksine ext4 dosya sistemi bu i\u015faret\u00e7ilerin fazla, gereksiz veya ayn\u0131 yere i\u015faret eden biribirinin kopyas\u0131 i\u015faret\u00e7ileri temizler. B\u00f6ylece bir sonraki dosya sistemi kontrol\u00fcnde (fsck) ve dosya i\u015flemlerinde h\u0131z art\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">H\u0131zl\u0131 A\u00e7\u0131lma (Fast Boot) \u0130\u015flemi<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Ext3 dosya sistemine g\u00f6re daha h\u0131zl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. AMD 64bit i\u015flemci, 2 GB DDR 400 RAM, 160 GB 7200 RPM sabitdisk \u00fczerinde ext3 dosya sistemi ile 27.7 saniyede, ayn\u0131 makina \u00fczerinde sadece dosya sistemi ext4 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise 24.68 saniyede a\u00e7\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. <span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Mevcut bir diskimizi &#8220;ext4&#8221; dosya sistemi ile formatlamak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutlar\u0131 kullanmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; gutter: false; first-line: 1\"><span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- Diskimizi \"ext4\" dosya sistemi ile formatlamak i\u00e7in<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># mkfs.ext4 \/dev\/vg_koraykey\/lv_data<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">(# mkfs.ext4 \/dev\/sdb1) \u015feklinde kullan\u0131labilir.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"> Kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z disk yap\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re \r\nkarar verebiliriz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Filesystem label=<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">OS type: Linux<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Block size=4096 (log=2)<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Fragment size=4096 (log=2)<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">327680 inodes, 1308672 blocks<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">65433 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">First data block=0<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">40 block groups<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">8192 inodes per group<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Superblock backups stored on blocks: <\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Writing inode tables: done<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Creating journal (32768 blocks): done<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.<\/span><\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. <span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Mevcut bir diskimizi &#8220;ext3&#8221; dosya sisteminden &#8220;ext4&#8221; dosya sistemine y\u00fckseltme yapmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 uygulamal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; gutter: false; first-line: 1\"><span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- Diskimizde bulunan \"ext3\" dosya sistemine \"ext4\" dosya sistemine y\u00fckseltmek i\u00e7in<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># tune2fs -O extents,uninit_bg,dir_index \/dev\/vg_koraykey\/lv_data<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Please run e2fsck on the filesystem.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- Y\u00fckseltme i\u015flemi sonras\u0131 dosya sistemimizi kontrol etmemiz gerekmektedir.<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">Kontrol i\u015flemi i\u00e7in<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># e2fsck \/dev\/vg_koraykey\/lv_data<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">One or more block group descriptor checksums are invalid.  Fix&lt;y&gt;? yes<\/span><\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4. <span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Dosya sistemimizi kontrol etmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 izlemeliyiz. Bu ad\u0131mdaki i\u015flemlerimizi mount edilmemi\u015f disklerde yapabiliriz. <\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; gutter: false; first-line: 1\"><span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># umount \/lv_data\r\n# e2fsck \/dev\/vg_koraykey\/lv_data<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">One or more block group descriptor checksums are invalid. Fix&lt;y&gt;? yes<\/span><\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">5. <span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Sistemimizde bulunan bir diski bir dosya sistemine &#8220;mount&#8221; veya &#8220;umount&#8221; etmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 izlemeliyiz.<\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; gutter: false; first-line: 1\"><span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- Mount edece\u011fimzi dizini yarat\u0131yoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># mkdir \/data<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- Yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z dizine diskimizi mount ediyoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># mount \/dev\/mapper\/vg_koraykey-lv_data \/data<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- umount etmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullan\u0131yoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># umount \/data<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\">-- Bir cdrom s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc vb. mount etmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullan\u0131yoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new,courier; font-size: 12px;\"># mount \/media\/cdrom\r\n\r\n-- Sistemimiz a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda otomatik mount etmesi i\u00e7in \"fstab\" dosyas\u0131na a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \r\ngirdileri yapmal\u0131y\u0131z. \r\n\r\n\/dev\/mapper\/vg_koraykey-lv_data \/data ext4 defaults 0 0<\/span><\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Bu makalemizde &#8220;Linux \u0130\u015fletim Sistemlerinde LVM Disk ve Dosya Sistemi Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131&#8221;n\u0131 inceledik. Ayr\u0131ca disklerimizde &#8220;header&#8221; vb. yap\u0131land\u0131rma i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in <a title=\"Linux \u0130\u015fletim Sistemlerinde Disk Header ve ASM Disk Header Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131\" href=\"http:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/?p=3437\">&#8220;Linux \u0130\u015fletim Sistemlerinde Disk Header ve ASM Disk Header Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131&#8221;<\/a> makalemizi inceleyebilirsiniz.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\">Ba\u015fka bir makalede g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek \u00fczere\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bu makalemizde Linux \u0130\u015fletim sistemlerinde Disk ve Dosya sistemi y\u00f6netimini inceleyece\u011fiz. Bu makalemizde disk y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in &#8220;Logical Volume Manager&#8221; kullanaca\u011f\u0131z. Ayr\u0131ca dosya sistemi ve disk y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli uygulamalar\u0131 inceleyece\u011fiz. Logical Volume Management (LVM) Nedir ? LVM, mod\u00fcler disk veri &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/?p=3315\">Okumaya devam et <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[313,21,290,20,19,314,315,524,311,316,312,310],"class_list":["post-3315","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-unix-linux","tag-ext4-dosya-sistemi","tag-h-koray-gunduz","tag-halil-koray-gunduz","tag-koray-gunduz","tag-koraykey","tag-linux-disk-formatlama","tag-linux-disk-mount","tag-linux-lvm-nedir","tag-logical-volume-management","tag-logical-volume-management-disk-yapilandirma","tag-lvm-disk-yapilandirma","tag-lvm-nedir"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3315","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3315"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3315\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3315"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3315"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3315"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}