{"id":298,"date":"2013-02-03T23:51:22","date_gmt":"2013-02-03T21:51:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/?p=298"},"modified":"2013-12-14T14:46:44","modified_gmt":"2013-12-14T12:46:44","slug":"linux-isletim-sistemlerinde-nic-bonding-yapilandirmasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/?p=298","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u0130\u015fletim Sistemlerinde Nic Bonding Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Bonding\"<\/a>Kesintisizlik ad\u0131na yap\u0131lan en \u00f6nemli i\u015flemlerden biridir network teaming. Yani birden fazla network kart\u0131n\u0131n tek network kart\u0131 gibi tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve ba\u011flant\u0131lardan birinin kopmas\u0131 durumunda di\u011fer ba\u011flant\u0131lardan kesintisizlik sa\u011flanmas\u0131. \u00d6ncelikle bu i\u015flemin art\u0131lar\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli etkiler g\u00f6rebiliriz. Farkl\u0131 2 switchten gelen kablolar\u0131 farkl\u0131 2 ethernet kart\u0131na ba\u011flay\u0131p 1 ethernet portu alt\u0131nda toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda switchlerden biri donan\u0131msal olarak g\u00f6\u00e7t\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anda kesintisiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma di\u011fer sa\u011flam olan network ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 ile devam edecektir. Bu yap\u0131y\u0131 4 adet nic kart\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 4 farkl\u0131 switch\u2019ten fiziksel ba\u011flant\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim. 3 switch donan\u0131msal olarak \u00e7\u00f6kse bile kesintisizlik devam edecektir.<\/span><\/p>\n


\nBu i\u015flemleri Windows alt\u0131nda donan\u0131m \u00fcreticileri taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan yaz\u0131l\u0131mlarla yapmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Bir tak\u0131m k\u0131s\u0131tlarla birlikte sorunsuz denilebilecek seviyede \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmektedir. Aslen araya bir balancer koymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z takdirde yaz\u0131l\u0131m bile olsa tam olarak y\u00fck dengelemesi yap\u0131lamamaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Donan\u0131m \u00fcreticilerinin bu konudaki yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131nada ihtiya\u00e7 duymamaktay\u0131z. Linux bunu kendi yetene\u011fi ile yapabilmektedir. Nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r onu inceleyelim.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bonding mod\u00fcl\u00fc Linux i\u015fletim sistemi \u00e7ekirde\u011fi deste\u011fi ile gelir. Ethernet kart\u0131 standart\u0131 olarak IEEE 802 kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bonding mod\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn 6 farkl\u0131 \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131s\u0131 bulunur.<\/span><\/p>\n

mode=0<\/strong> Round-robin \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Yani a\u011f trafi\u011fini \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan aray\u00fczlere s\u0131ras\u0131 ile g\u00f6ndermektedir. Y\u00fck payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve hata tolerans\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/p>\n

mode=1<\/strong> Aktif-yedek mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Sadece bir aray\u00fcz aktiftir. Di\u011ferleri sadece ve sadece as\u0131l olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaz ise devreye girer. Hata tolerans\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/p>\n

mode=2<\/strong> [(Kaynak MAC adresi XOR hedef MAC adresi) % aray\u00fcz say\u0131s\u0131] algoritmas\u0131na g\u00f6re paketleri g\u00f6nderir. B\u00f6ylece her hedef i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 aray\u00fcz\u00fc se\u00e7mi\u015f olur. Y\u00fck payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve hata tolerans\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/p>\n

mode=3<\/strong> Broadcast \u00e7e\u015fididir. T\u00fcm paketleri t\u00fcm aray\u00fczlerden g\u00f6nderir. Hata tolerans\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/p>\n

mode=4<\/strong> IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation. Belirtilen standarda g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fclerinin ethtool deste\u011finin olmas\u0131 gerekir. Ayr\u0131ca anahtarlama cihaz\u0131 \u00fczerinde de 802.3ad ayarlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/span><\/p>\n

mode=5<\/strong> Bu modda ise toplam y\u00fck her aray\u00fcz\u00fcn kendi y\u00fck\u00fcne g\u00f6re payla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Her aray\u00fcz\u00fcn y\u00fck\u00fc h\u0131z\u0131na oranla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Gelen trafik aktif ilk aray\u00fcz taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131n\u0131r. E\u011fer bu aray\u00fcz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaz ise herhangi di\u011fer bir aray\u00fcz ayn\u0131 MAC adresi ile i\u015flemi devral\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fclerinin ethtool deste\u011finin olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/span><\/p>\n

mode=6<\/strong> Bu modda ise hem gidi\u015f hemde geli\u015f trafi\u011fi y\u00fck payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r ve \u00f6zel bir anahtarlama cihaz\u0131 deste\u011fi gerektirmez. IPv4 \u00fczerinden bu i\u015flemi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu se\u00e7eneklerin uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 yer bond0 dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturulurken girilen sat\u0131rlardan BONDING_OPTS=”mode=1 miimon=100″<\/strong> sat\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Burada mode=x olacak yere \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak istedi\u011fimiz bonding modunu yazmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u015eimdi yap\u0131land\u0131rmaya ge\u00e7elim; \u00d6ncelikle “NetworkManager” servisimizi durduruyoruz. “Bonding” yap\u0131land\u0131rmam\u0131z\u0131 manuel bir ara\u00e7 olmadan elle yapaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in ve ayarlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n sunucumuzu yeniden ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda silinmemsi i\u00e7in servisimizin durdurulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

-- Servisimizi durduruyoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n# service NetworkManager stop<\/span>\r\n\r\n-- Sunucumuzu yeniden ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda servisimizin yeniden ba\u015flamamas\u0131 i\u00e7in\r\nkapal\u0131 duruma getiriyoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n# chkconfig NetworkManager off<\/span><\/pre>\n

\n<\/span>2.Bond i\u015flemi i\u00e7in bir bond0 ad\u0131nda sanal interface olu\u015fturuyoruz. Bond yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 yap\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce a\u011f kartlar\u0131na atanm\u0131\u015f bir TCP\/IP adresi varsa bunlar temizlenmelidir. \u0130\u015fletim sisteminde “root” kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ile oturum a\u00e7\u0131yoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n
# vim \/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-bond0<\/span>\r\n\r\n-- dosyas\u0131na a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 giriyoruz. <\/span>\r\nVerilen IP Adresi, Netmask ve DNS gibi de\u011ferler \u00f6rnek<\/span>\r\nolarak yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131 kendi a\u011f ayarlar\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re<\/span>\r\nd\u00fczenlemelisiniz.<\/span>\r\n\r\nDEVICE=\"bond0\"<\/span>\r\nIPADDR=192.168.71.128<\/span>\r\nNETMASK=255.255.255.0<\/span>\r\nGATEWAY=192.168.2.1<\/span>\r\nDNS1=192.168.71.1<\/span>\r\nDNS2=192.168.71.2<\/span>\r\nONBOOT=yes<\/span>\r\nBOOTPROTO=none<\/span>\r\nUSERCTL=no<\/span>\r\nBONDING_OPTS=\"mode=1 miimon=100\"<\/span><\/pre>\n
3. Olu\u015fturdu\u011fumuz “bond0” interface dahil edece\u011fimiz bond \u00fcyesi kartlar\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131yoruz.\u00a0Bu i\u015flemi “eth0” gibi “eth1”, “eth2” gibi di\u011fer kartlar\u0131m\u0131zda da a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi yapmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n
# vim \/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-eth0<\/span>\r\n\r\n-- Dosyas\u0131na a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 giriyoruz. \"HWADDR\" de\u011fi\u015fkeni yerine\r\n\"MAC\" adresini yaz\u0131yoruz. Bu de\u011ferleri \"eth1\", \"eth2\" gibi a\u011f kartlar\u0131m\u0131zda\r\na\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi ayarl\u0131yoruz.\r\n<\/span>\r\nHWADDR=XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX<\/span>\r\nDEVICE=\"eth0\"<\/span>\r\nNM_CONTROLLED=no\r\nBOOTPROTO=none<\/span>\r\nONBOOT=yes<\/span>\r\nMASTER=bond0<\/span>\r\nSLAVE=yes<\/span>\r\nUSERCTL=no<\/span><\/pre>\n
4. Bond interface kart\u0131 i\u00e7in alias ve di\u011fer ayarlar\u0131 yazaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z conf dosyas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n
# vim \/etc\/modprobe.d\/bonding.conf<\/span>\r\n-- Dosyas\u0131na a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 giriyoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\nalias bond0 bonding<\/span>\r\nalias netdev-bond0 bonding<\/span><\/pre>\n
5. Bonding i\u015fleminin aktif olabilmesi i\u00e7in mod\u00fcl\u00fcn kernele y\u00fcklenmesini sa\u011fl\u0131yoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n
# modprobe bonding<\/span>\r\n# service network restart<\/span><\/pre>\n
6. Bu i\u015flemler tamamland\u0131ktan sonra bonding i\u015fleminde olu\u015fan default gateway sorununu “Static Route” parametresi ekleyerek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcyoruz. Genelde ortamlarda birden fazla Vlan var ve her Vlanda tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f farkl\u0131 bir gateway varsa sunucuya kendi Vlan’\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndanda makinelerin eri\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ayarlar\u0131 giriyoruz. Ayr\u0131ca isim \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesi i\u00e7in “resolv.conf” dosyam\u0131zda gerekli d\u00fczenlemeleri yap\u0131yoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n
-- E\u011fer olursa \"gateway\" sorunu i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u015flemleri uyguluyoruz.\r\n\r\n# vim \/etc\/rc.d\/rc.local<\/span>\r\n-- Dosyas\u0131na a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 giriyoruz.<\/span>\r\n\"gw\" olarak \"VLan\" \u0131n\u0131zda bulunan Default Gateway adresi girilmelidir.<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/sbin\/route add -net 0.0.0.0 netmask 0.0.0.0 gw 192.168.2.1\r\n\r\n-- \u0130sim \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesi i\u00e7in gerekli DNS sunucu d\u00fczenlemelerimizi yap\u0131yoruz.\r\n\r\n# vim \/etc\/resolv.conf\r\n\r\nDNS1=192.168.2.1\r\nDNS2=192.168.2.2<\/span><\/pre>\n
\n
7. Tavsiye olarak bu i\u015flemlerden sonra yeniden ba\u015flatma \u00f6nerilir.<\/span><\/p>\n
# shutdown -r now<\/span><\/pre>\n
8. \u201c\/proc\/net\/bonding\/bond0\u201d dosyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 (bonding durumunu) a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komut ile \u00f6\u011frenilebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
# cat \/proc\/net\/bonding\/bond0\r\nveya\r\n# less \/proc\/net\/bonding\/bond0<\/span><\/pre>\n
9. Bonding durumunu anl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komut uygulan\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
# watch cat \/proc\/net\/bonding\/bond0<\/span><\/pre>\n
Bonding yap\u0131land\u0131rmam\u0131z kullan\u0131ma haz\u0131r. Oracle Enterprise Linux 6 Update\u00a04 i\u00e7in test edilmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcm Linux versiyonlar\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle Red Hat t\u00fcrevlerinde ayn\u0131 ayarlar ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/span><\/p>\n
 Ba\u015fka bir makalede g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek \u00fczere…<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kesintisizlik ad\u0131na yap\u0131lan en \u00f6nemli i\u015flemlerden biridir network teaming. Yani birden fazla network kart\u0131n\u0131n tek network kart\u0131 gibi tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve ba\u011flant\u0131lardan birinin kopmas\u0131 durumunda di\u011fer ba\u011flant\u0131lardan kesintisizlik sa\u011flanmas\u0131. \u00d6ncelikle bu i\u015flemin art\u0131lar\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli etkiler g\u00f6rebiliriz. Farkl\u0131 2 switchten … Okumaya devam et →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[351,21,290,20,19,545,16,547,548,350,546,816,18,549,349,17],"class_list":["post-298","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-unix-linux","tag-bonding-kurulumu","tag-h-koray-gunduz","tag-halil-koray-gunduz","tag-koray-gunduz","tag-koraykey","tag-linux-bond-nedir","tag-linux-bonding","tag-linux-bonding-default-gateway","tag-linux-bonding-default-gateway-problem","tag-linux-bonding-kurulumu","tag-linux-bonding-nedir","tag-linux-bonding-network-problem","tag-linux-bonding-yapilandirmasi","tag-linux-ethernet-nic-teaming","tag-linux-teaming","tag-nic-bonding"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/298","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=298"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/298\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=298"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=298"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=298"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}