{"id":2259,"date":"2013-04-05T16:02:53","date_gmt":"2013-04-05T13:02:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/?p=2259"},"modified":"2013-06-24T16:10:02","modified_gmt":"2013-06-24T13:10:02","slug":"linux-isletim-sistemlerinde-zamanlanmis-gorevlerin-cron-yonetimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/?p=2259","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u0130\u015fletim Sistemlerinde Zamanlanm\u0131\u015f G\u00f6revlerin Y\u00f6netimi (Cron)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"LinuxAll\"<\/a>Bu makalemizde Linux \u0130\u015fletim Sistemlerinde Zamanlanm\u0131\u015f G\u00f6revlerin (Cron) Y\u00f6netimini inceleyece\u011fiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cron Nedir ?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cron istenilen g\u00f6revlerin belirli zaman aral\u0131klar\u0131 ile arkaplanda yap\u0131lmas\u0131na izin veren bir Unix\/Linux arac\u0131d\u0131r. Microsoft Windows \u0130\u015fletim Sistemlerinde bu uygulaman\u0131n ad\u0131 “Zamanlanm\u0131\u015f G\u00f6revler” (Scheduling Tasks)’dir. “Denetim Masas\u0131” da bulunur.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u00d6ncelikle sunucumuzda bulunan “crontab” dosyas\u0131n\u0131n format\u0131n\u0131 inceleyecelim. Dosyam\u0131z “\/etc\/crontab” alt\u0131nda bulunur. Bu dosyadaki a\u00e7\u0131klama ve \u00f6rnekleri inceleyerek zamanlanm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6revler olu\u015ftururken yard\u0131m alabiliriz.<\/span><\/p>\n

# cat \/etc\/crontab\r\n\r\nSHELL=\/bin\/bash\r\nPATH=\/sbin:\/bin:\/usr\/sbin:\/usr\/bin\r\nMAILTO=root\r\nHOME=\/\r\n\r\n# For details see man 4 crontabs\r\n\r\n# Example of job definition:\r\n# .---------------- minute (0 - 59)\r\n# |\u00a0 .------------- hour (0 - 23)\r\n# |\u00a0 |\u00a0 .---------- day of month (1 - 31)\r\n# |\u00a0 |\u00a0 |\u00a0 .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ...\r\n# |\u00a0 |\u00a0 |\u00a0 |\u00a0 .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat\r\n<\/span># |\u00a0 |\u00a0 |\u00a0 |\u00a0 |\r\n# *\u00a0 *\u00a0 *\u00a0 *\u00a0 * user-name command to be executed\r\n\r\nDosyam\u0131zda yazanlar\u0131 incelersek\r\n\r\nAlan           Kullan\u0131labilir De\u011fi\u015fkenler<\/span>\r\n-----          --------------<\/span>\r\nminute         0-59 (Dakika)<\/span>\r\nhour           0-23 (Saat)<\/span>\r\nday of month   1-31 (Ay\u0131n G\u00fcn\u00fc)<\/span>\r\nmonth          1-12 (Ay)<\/span>\r\nday of week    0-7 (0'dan ba\u015flar 7 Pazar g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc temsil eder)<\/span>\r\ncommand        Ge\u00e7erli bir script veya komut giri\u015fini sa\u011flar\r\n\r\n\u015feklindedir.\r\n<\/span><\/pre>\n
2. Sunucumuzda “cron” servisinin durumunu kontrol edelim.<\/span><\/p>\n
-- Cron Servisimizin hangi i\u015fletim sistemi seviyelerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/span>\r\nsorgulayabiliriz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n# chkconfig --list crond<\/span>\r\ncrond           0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off<\/span>\r\n\r\n-- G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi 2, 3, 4 ve 5. seviyelerde sunucumuz a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken<\/span>\r\nservisimiz otomatik ba\u015flayacakt\u0131r.<\/span>\r\n\r\n-- Servisimizin durumunu sorgulayabiliriz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n# service crond status<\/span>\r\ncrond (pid  2607) is running...<\/span>\r\n\r\nG\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi servisimiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r durumdad\u0131r.<\/span><\/pre>\n
3. Sistemimiz taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulmu\u015f veya bizim olu\u015fturdu\u011fumuz zamanlanm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6revleri sorgulayabiliriz.<\/span><\/p>\n
#ls \/etc\/cron*<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/etc\/cron.deny\t\t-> Cronda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek istediklerimizi\r\n                           ekledi\u011fimiz dizin.<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/etc\/crontab\t\t-> Cron yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131.<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/etc\/cron.d:\t\t-> Cron servisimizin yap\u0131land\u0131rma dizini.<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/etc\/cron.daily:\t        -> G\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak g\u00f6revlerin eklendi\u011fi dizin.<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/etc\/cron.hourly:\t-> Saatlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak g\u00f6revlerin eklendi\u011fi dizin.<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/etc\/cron.monthly:\t-> Ayl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak g\u00f6revlerin eklendi\u011fi dizin.<\/span><\/pre>\n
4. Sunucumuzda cron \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak veritaban\u0131 yede\u011fi almak i\u00e7in zamanlanm\u0131\u015f bir g\u00f6rev yap\u0131land\u0131ral\u0131m. Bu g\u00f6rev sunucumuzda bulunan Oracle Veritaban\u0131 yede\u011fini ayarland\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanda otomatik als\u0131n.<\/span><\/p>\n
-- \u00d6ncelikle yedekleme ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 yazaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir script olu\u015fturuyoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n-- Sunucumuzda yedeklerimizi koydu\u011fumuz \"\/backup\/\" ad\u0131nda bir dizin veya<\/span>\r\ndiskimiz oldu\u011funu varsayal\u0131m. Bu dizine \"oracle\" kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 yazabilir<\/span>\r\nve silebilir durumda olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span>\r\n\r\n-- B\u00f6yle bir dizinimiz yoksa \"root\" kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ile yarat\u0131p gerekli<\/span>\r\nhaklar\u0131 verelim.<\/span>\r\n\r\n# mkdir -p \/backup<\/span>\r\n# chown oracle:oinstall \/backup<\/span>\r\n# chmod 775 \/backup<\/span>\r\n\r\n-- Oracle Kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na ge\u00e7elim ve scriptimizi olu\u015ftural\u0131m.<\/span>\r\n\r\n# su - oracle<\/span>\r\n\r\n-- Yedekleme i\u015flemi i\u00e7in scriptimizi olu\u015fturuyoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n$ vim \/backup\/backupdb_full.sh<\/span>\r\n\r\n-- dosyam\u0131z\u0131 olu\u015fturup a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 giriyoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\nrman target \/ <<EOF<\/span>\r\nbackup incremental level 0 database format '\/backup\/DB_FULL_%d_%t_%s';<\/span>\r\nbackup archivelog all delete all input format '\/backup\/ARC_%d_%t_%s';<\/span>\r\nexit;<\/span>\r\nEOF<\/span>\r\n\r\n-- Dosyam\u0131z\u0131 yaratt\u0131ktan sonra \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma iznini vermeliyiz.<\/span>\r\n$ chmod 775 \/backup\/*<\/span>\r\n\r\nYukar\u0131daki i\u015flemlerde;<\/span>\r\n\r\n1) Veritaban\u0131na giri\u015f yapt\u0131k.<\/span>\r\n\r\n2) Level 0, yani bir full yedekleme i\u015flemi yapmak istedi\u011fimizi g\u00f6sterdik<\/span>\r\nve bunu yaparken format\u0131n\u0131n da nas\u0131l \u015fekillece\u011fini de belirttik.<\/span>\r\n\r\n3) Veritaban\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu archivelog'lar\u0131n da yedeklenmesini istedik ve<\/span>\r\nformat\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini de g\u00f6sterdik.<\/span>\r\n\r\n4) \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f talebinde bulunduk.<\/span><\/pre>\n
5. Sunucumuzda yedek almak i\u00e7in “\/backup\/backupdb_full.sh” alt\u0131nda olu\u015fturdu\u011fumuz scripti kullanacak bir “cron” g\u00f6revi yaratal\u0131m.<\/span><\/p>\n
Bu i\u015flem i\u00e7in \"root\" kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na ge\u00e7iyoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n$ su - root<\/span>\r\n\r\n# crontab -u oracle -e<\/span>\r\n\r\n0 1 * * 0 export ORACLE_HOME=\/u01\/app\/oracle\/product\/11.2.0.3\/db;<\/span>\r\nexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME\/lib:\/lib:<\/span>\r\n\/usr\/lib;\/u01\/app\/oracle\/product\/11.2.0.3\/db\/bin\/rman \r\ncmdfile \/backup\/backup_full.sh log \/backup\/backup_full.log<\/span>\r\n\r\n-- Yukar\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 kendi sistemimize g\u00f6re ayarlad\u0131ktan sonra kaydedip \r\n\u00e7\u0131k\u0131yoruz.<\/span>\r\n-- Komutlar\u0131 s\u0131\u011fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in alt alta yazd\u0131m bunlar\u0131 yan yana olacak \u015fekilde\r\nyazmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/span>\r\n-- Aksi takdirde kaydedip \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131za izin vermeyecektir.<\/span>\r\n\r\n-- Yukar\u0131daki yap\u0131land\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re;<\/span>\r\nVeritaban\u0131n\u0131n yede\u011fi her Pazar g\u00fcn\u00fc gece saat 01:00'de al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/span>\r\nKomutlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fi\u015fkenler ayarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\r\nAyr\u0131ca yedekleme i\u015fleminin durumu \"backup_full.log\" dosyas\u0131na\r\nraporlanacakt\u0131r<\/span><\/pre>\n
6. Ayarlam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fumuz cron zamanlanm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6revini a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komut ile sorgulayabiliriz.<\/span><\/p>\n
# crontab -u oracle -l\r\n\r\n-- Di\u011fer cron komut parametrelerinin a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131da a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bulabilirsiniz.\r\n\r\ncrontab \u2013e\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0-> Yeni g\u00f6rev olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in.\r\ncrontab \u2013l\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0-> Varolan i\u015fleri listeler.\r\ncrontab \u2013u\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0-> Kullan\u0131c\u0131 bilgisi gireriz.\r\ncrontab \u2013r\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0-> Var olan g\u00f6revleri silmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.\r\n<\/span><\/pre>\n
7. Cron g\u00f6revleri arka planda \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma esnas\u0131nda takip etmek istiyorsak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullanabiliriz.<\/span><\/p>\n
# tail -f \/var\/log\/cron<\/span>\r\n-- Bu komutla i\u015flemler yap\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7ca anl\u0131k g\u00f6rebileceksiniz.<\/span>\r\n\r\nApr  5 15:49:06 kryrac1 run-parts(\/etc\/cron.daily)[7840]: starting mlocate.cron<\/span>\r\nApr  5 15:49:27 kryrac1 run-parts(\/etc\/cron.daily)[8061]: finished mlocate.cron<\/span>\r\nApr  5 15:49:27 kryrac1 run-parts(\/etc\/cron.daily)[7840]: starting prelink<\/span>\r\nApr  5 15:49:27 kryrac1 run-parts(\/etc\/cron.daily)[8073]: finished prelink<\/span>\r\nApr  5 15:49:27 kryrac1 run-parts(\/etc\/cron.daily)[7840]: starting readahead.cron<\/span>\r\nApr  5 15:49:27 kryrac1 run-parts(\/etc\/cron.daily)[8084]: finished readahead.cron<\/span>\r\nApr  5 15:49:27 kryrac1 run-parts(\/etc\/cron.daily)[7840]: starting tmpwatch<\/span>\r\nApr  5 15:49:27 kryrac1 run-parts(\/etc\/cron.daily)[8122]: finished tmpwatch<\/span>\r\nApr  5 15:49:27 kryrac1 anacron[6166]: Job `cron.daily' terminated<\/span>\r\nApr  5 15:50:01 kryrac1 CROND[8151]: (root) CMD (\/usr\/lib64\/sa\/sa1 1 1)<\/span><\/pre>\n
8. Zamanlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z veritaban\u0131 yede\u011fimiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u015flemleri yapacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Fri Apr 5 15:55:06 2013<\/span>\r\n\r\nCopyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and\/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.<\/span>\r\n\r\nconnected to target database: RAC (DBID=2399373343)<\/span>\r\n\r\nRMAN> <\/span>\r\nStarting backup at 05-APR-13<\/span>\r\nusing target database control file instead of recovery catalog<\/span>\r\nallocated channel: ORA_DISK_1<\/span>\r\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: SID=33 instance=rac1 device type=DISK<\/span>\r\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set<\/span>\r\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set<\/span>\r\ninput datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA\/rac\/datafile\/system.259.811391365<\/span>\r\ninput datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA\/rac\/datafile\/undotbs1.261.811391395<\/span>\r\ninput datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA\/rac\/datafile\/sysaux.260.811391381<\/span>\r\ninput datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA\/rac\/datafile\/undotbs2.263.811391433<\/span>\r\ninput datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA\/rac\/datafile\/users.264.811391439<\/span>\r\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 05-APR-13<\/span>\r\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 05-APR-13<\/span>\r\npiece handle=\/backup\/DB_FULL_RAC_811958108_8 tag=TAG20130405T155508<\/span>\r\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:55<\/span>\r\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set<\/span>\r\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set<\/span>\r\nincluding current control file in backup set<\/span>\r\nincluding current SPFILE in backup set<\/span>\r\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 05-APR-13<\/span>\r\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 05-APR-13<\/span>\r\npiece handle=\/backup\/DB_FULL_RAC_811958163_9 tag=TAG20130405T155508<\/span>\r\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01<\/span>\r\nFinished backup at 05-APR-13<\/span>\r\n\r\nRMAN> <\/span>\r\nStarting backup at 05-APR-13<\/span>\r\ncurrent log archived<\/span>\r\nusing channel ORA_DISK_1<\/span>\r\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set<\/span>\r\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set<\/span>\r\ninput archived log thread=1 sequence=19 RECID=18 STAMP=811958167<\/span>\r\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 05-APR-13<\/span>\r\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 05-APR-13<\/span>\r\npiece handle=\/backup\/ARC_RAC_811958167_10 tag=TAG20130405T155607<\/span>\r\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01<\/span>\r\nchannel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)<\/span>\r\narchived log file name=+FRA\/rac\/archivelog\/2013_04_05\/\r\nthread_1_seq_19.281.811958167 RECID=18 STAMP=811958167<\/span>\r\nFinished backup at 05-APR-13<\/span><\/pre>\n
Bu makalemizde Linux \u0130\u015fletim Sistemlerinde Zamanlanm\u0131\u015f G\u00f6revlerin (Cron) Y\u00f6netimini inceledik. \u00d6rnek olarak Oracle RMAN (Recovery Manager) kullanarak veritab\u0131n\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n yede\u011fini alacak bir zamanlanm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6rev yaratt\u0131k. Bunun gibi Unix\/Linux i\u015fletim sistemlerinde bir \u00e7ok zamanlanm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6revler olu\u015fturabiliriz. Burada uygulanan ad\u0131mlar \u201cOracle Enterprise Linux 6.4\u2033 i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerinde test edilmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer Linux da\u011f\u0131t\u0131mlar\u0131ylada uyumludur. <\/span><\/p>\n
Bir sonraki makalemizde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek dile\u011fiyle\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bu makalemizde Linux \u0130\u015fletim Sistemlerinde Zamanlanm\u0131\u015f G\u00f6revlerin (Cron) Y\u00f6netimini inceleyece\u011fiz. Cron Nedir ? Cron istenilen g\u00f6revlerin belirli zaman aral\u0131klar\u0131 ile arkaplanda yap\u0131lmas\u0131na izin veren bir Unix\/Linux arac\u0131d\u0131r. Microsoft Windows \u0130\u015fletim Sistemlerinde bu uygulaman\u0131n ad\u0131 “Zamanlanm\u0131\u015f G\u00f6revler” (Scheduling Tasks)’dir. “Denetim Masas\u0131” … Okumaya devam et →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[182,180,181,21,290,20,19,179,183,375],"class_list":["post-2259","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-unix-linux","tag-cron-gorevi-yaratma","tag-cron-oracle-yedegi-alma","tag-crontab-nedir","tag-h-koray-gunduz","tag-halil-koray-gunduz","tag-koray-gunduz","tag-koraykey","tag-linux-cron","tag-linux-cron-nedir","tag-linux-crontab-ayarlari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2259","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2259"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2259\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2259"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2259"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2259"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}