{"id":1913,"date":"2013-03-31T23:34:51","date_gmt":"2013-03-31T20:34:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/?p=1913"},"modified":"2013-05-20T21:53:25","modified_gmt":"2013-05-20T18:53:25","slug":"linux-isletim-sistemlerinde-ntp-yapilandirmasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/?p=1913","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u0130\u015fletim Sistemlerinde NTP Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"LinuxAll\"<\/a>Bu makalemizde Linux \u0130\u015fletim Sistemlerinde NTP (Zaman Sunucusu) yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 inceleyece\u011fiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

NTP Nedir ?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

“NTP Network Time Protocol”\u00fcn k\u0131saltmas\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi A\u011f Zaman Protokol\u00fc’d\u00fcr. NTP, de\u011fi\u015fken gecikmeye sahip paket anahtarlamal\u0131 a\u011flar \u00fczerindeki bilgisayarlar\u0131n saatlerinin e\u015f zamanlanmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir protokold\u00fcr. Protokol, jitter buffer kullan\u0131m\u0131 sayesinde \u00f6zellikle de\u011fi\u015fken gecikmenin etkilerine kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7li olacak \u015fekilde tasar\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. NTP, hala kullan\u0131lan en eski Internet protokollerinden biridir. (1985’den beri). \u0130lk olarak g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc bir ekip ile bu konuda destek sa\u011flamaya devam eden Delaware \u00dcniversitesinden David L. Mills taraf\u0131ndan tasar\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. NTP, 123 no’lu port \u00fczerinden, Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Datagram Protokol\u00fc (UDP)’n\u00fc kullan\u0131r. NTP ayarlar\u0131 hangi Linux da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ya \/etc\/ntp.conf ya da \/etc\/xntp.conf dosyas\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u015eimdi yap\u0131land\u0131rmam\u0131za ge\u00e7elim. Yap\u0131land\u0131rmam\u0131z\u0131 “NTP Client ve “NTP Server” ad\u0131nda iki ba\u015fl\u0131kta inceleyece\u011fiz. Ayr\u0131ca “Oracle Real Application Cluster” ortamlar\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131da inceleyece\u011fiz.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

NTP Client<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Sunucumuzda “root” kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ile oturum a\u00e7\u0131yoruz ve NTP paketimizi kuruyoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n

# yum install ntp<\/span><\/pre>\n
2. Sunucumuzda NTP Servisini ba\u015fl\u0131yoruz ve ayn\u0131 zamanda sunucumuz a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken otomatik ba\u015flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 yap\u0131yoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n
# service ntpd start<\/span>\r\n# chkconfig ntpd on<\/span><\/pre>\n
3. NTP servisimizde herhangi bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma yapacaksak “\/etc\/ntp.conf” dosyas\u0131nda yap\u0131yoruz.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n
# vim \/etc\/ntp.conf<\/span><\/pre>\n
4. E\u011fer bu dosyada herhangi bir ayar de\u011fi\u015ftirirsek NTP Servisimizi yeniden ba\u015flatmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n
# service ntpd restart<\/span><\/pre>\n
5. G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n (Firewall) a\u00e7\u0131ksa NTP servisimizin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in\u00a0 Firewall servisinde gerekli d\u00fczenlemeyi yapmam\u0131z gerekiyor. E\u011fer Firewall servisimiz kapal\u0131ysa bu ad\u0131m\u0131 atlayabiliriz.<\/span><\/p>\n
# iptables -A INPUT -p udp --dport 123 -j ACCEPT<\/span><\/pre>\n
A-) NTP \u0130stemci Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
1. NTP yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 “\/etc\/ntp.conf” i\u00e7erisine zaman sunucular\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n adreslerini ekliyoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n
# vim \/etc\/ntp.conf<\/span>\r\n-- <\/span>Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131yoruz. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131r\u0131 bulup sunucular\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ekliyoruz.<\/span>\r\nYerel a\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda bulunan bir zaman sunucusunu ekleyeceksek <\/span>a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi\r\nsonunda \"ibtrust\" \"parametresiyle eklemeliyiz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n# Use public servers from the pool.ntp.org project.<\/span>\r\n# Please consider joining the pool (http:\/\/www.pool.ntp.org\/join.html).<\/span>\r\nserver koraykey-ntp.koraykey.com iburst<\/span>\r\nserver 0.rhel.pool.ntp.org<\/span>\r\nserver 1.rhel.pool.ntp.org<\/span>\r\nserver 2.rhel.pool.ntp.org\r\n<\/span><\/pre>\n
2. Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yapt\u0131ktan sonra ayarlar\u0131n ge\u00e7erli olabilmesi i\u00e7in servisimizi yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131yoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n
# service ntpd restart\r\nShutting down ntpd: [\u00a0 OK\u00a0 ]\r\nStarting ntpd: [\u00a0 OK\u00a0 ]\r\n<\/span><\/pre>\n
3. Yerel a\u011f ortam\u0131m\u0131z\u0131nda veya di\u011fer sunucumuzun zaman\u0131n\u0131 sorgulayarak do\u011frulu\u011funu veya sunucumuza eri\u015filebilirlik durumunu kontrol edebiliriz.<\/span><\/p>\n
# ntpdate -u 0.koraykey-ntp.koraykey.com<\/span>\r\n31 Mar 22:59:23 ntpdate[3331]: adjust time server 192.168.2.1 offset -0.001525 sec<\/span><\/pre>\n
B-) NTP Server Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
1. Sunucumuzu NTP Server hizmeti verecek \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131rmak istiyorsak yukar\u0131daki kurulum ad\u0131mlar\u0131ndan sonra yine “\/etc\/ntp.conf” dosyas\u0131nda gerekli d\u00fczenlemeleri yapmal\u0131y\u0131z. Sunucumuz kendi tarih ve zaman\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcncelleyebilmesi i\u00e7in internet \u00fczerindeki sunuculara eri\u015febilmesi gerekmektedir. Aksi takdirde sunucumuzun ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 elle kendimiz yapmam\u0131z gerekmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca sunucumuzun yerel a\u011fda bulunan bilgisayarlara hizmet verebilmesi i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlik ayar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n
# vim \/etc\/ntp.conf<\/span>\r\n\r\n-- Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131yoruz. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131r\u0131 bulup yerel a\u011f <\/span>bilgilerimizi d\u00fczenliyoruz.\r\nB\u00f6ylece yerel a\u011fdaki bilgisayarlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n sunucumuzdan NTP hizmeti alabilmesini\r\nsa\u011fl\u0131yoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n# Hosts on local network are less restricted.<\/span>\r\nrestrict 192.168.2.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap<\/span><\/pre>\n
2. Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yapt\u0131ktan sonra ayarlar\u0131n ge\u00e7erli olabilmesi i\u00e7in servisimizi yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131yoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n
# service ntpd restart<\/span>\r\nShutting down ntpd: [  OK  ]<\/span>\r\nStarting ntpd: [  OK  ]<\/span><\/pre>\n
“Oracle Real Application Cluster” Ortamlar\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Yap\u0131land\u0131rma<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
1. Oracle Real Application Cluster kurulumunda zaman senkronizasyonu i\u00e7in “NTP” yerine “Oracle Cluster Time Synchronization” kullanacaksak NTP servisini kapatmak i\u00e7in ayarlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi yapmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n
NTP Servisimizi kapat\u0131yoruz.<\/span>\r\n# service ntpd stop<\/span>\r\nShutting down ntpd:\t[  OK  ]<\/span>\r\n\r\nNTP Servisimizin sunucumuz yeniden ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan otomatik <\/span>\r\na\u00e7\u0131lmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in servisimizi kapat\u0131yoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n# chkconfig ntpd off<\/span>\r\n\r\nNTP yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyam\u0131z\u0131 ba\u015fka bir isimle adland\u0131r\u0131yoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n# mv \/etc\/ntp.conf \/etc\/ntp.conf.org<\/span>\r\n\r\nntpd.pid dosyas\u0131n\u0131 siliyoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n# rm \/var\/run\/ntpd.pid<\/span><\/pre>\n
2. Oracle Real Application Cluster kurulumunda zaman senkronizasyonu i\u00e7in “NTP” servisini kullanacaksak ayarlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi yapmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n
-- Zaman servisimizin senkronizasyon ayar\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131yoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\n# vim \/etc\/sysconfig\/ntpd<\/span>\r\n-- <\/span>Dosyas\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131yoruz.<\/span>\r\n\r\nOPTIONS=\"-x -u ntp:ntp -p \/var\/run\/ntpd.pid\"<\/span>\r\n\r\n-- Ayarlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ge\u00e7erli olabilmesi i\u00e7in <\/span>\r\n# service ntpd restart<\/span>\r\nShutting down ntpd: [  OK  ]<\/span>\r\nStarting ntpd: [  OK  ]<\/span><\/pre>\n
Bu makalemizdeki Linux \u0130\u015fletim Sistemlerinde NTP Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131’n\u0131 inceledik. Burada uygulanan ad\u0131mlar “Oracle Enterprise Linux 6.4” i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerinde test edilmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer Linux da\u011f\u0131t\u0131mlar\u0131ylada uyumludur.<\/span><\/p>\n
Ba\u015fka bir makalede g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek \u00fczere…<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bu makalemizde Linux \u0130\u015fletim Sistemlerinde NTP (Zaman Sunucusu) yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 inceleyece\u011fiz. NTP Nedir ? “NTP Network Time Protocol”\u00fcn k\u0131saltmas\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi A\u011f Zaman Protokol\u00fc’d\u00fcr. NTP, de\u011fi\u015fken gecikmeye sahip paket anahtarlamal\u0131 a\u011flar \u00fczerindeki bilgisayarlar\u0131n saatlerinin e\u015f zamanlanmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir protokold\u00fcr. Protokol, … Okumaya devam et →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[21,290,20,19,133,132,136,134,135],"class_list":["post-1913","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-unix-linux","tag-h-koray-gunduz","tag-halil-koray-gunduz","tag-koray-gunduz","tag-koraykey","tag-linux-isletim-sistemlerinde-ntp","tag-linux-ntp-kurulumu","tag-linux-ntp-server-kurulumu","tag-ntp-kurulumu","tag-ntp-server-kurulumu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1913","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1913"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1913\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1913"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1913"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.koraykey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1913"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}